By David Fowkes on Thursday, 28 June 2018
Category: IGCSE Chemistry

Structure and bonding

in this topic, we have looked at the way in which substances form different structures. The type of structure formed depends on the type of bonding: 

Three types of bonding are. metallic, covalent and ionic.

metallic: formed when metals bond with themselves or other metals.

covalent: formed when non-metal bonds with itself or another non-metal.

ionic: formed when metals bond with non-metals.

Giant metallic lattices

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General properties

  • ​all conduct electricity when solid and molten
  • most are malleable
  • many have high melting point

Description

​Positive ions form an orderly arrangement which is held together by the attraction of the delocalised electrons .

Formation

 Formed in any pure metal and when one metal mixes with another metal to form an alloy

Giant ionic lattices

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Properties

  • conduct when molten
  • high melting points
  • crystalline 
  • can be soluble in water

Description

​Positive ions are attracted to and surround negative ions. Negative ions are attracted to and surround positive ions. A three-dimensional lattice forms.

Formation

Formed when metals combine with non-metals . The metals form positive ion which are attracted to the negatively charged non-metal ions

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​high melting points

crystalline

non- conductors even when molten