A question of balance
Many chemical reactions can be reversed. When this happens we can describe a forward reaction and a back reaction. Sometimes the for...
The Bast furnace enables us to extract pure iron from iron oxide
Modern methods Activity 1 : Phytomining and Bioleaching Watch the video carefully, stopping where necessary to answer the questions b...
Universal indicator is useful for giving an estimated value for the pH of a substance
Background This topic is mostly about equilibria so it is important for students to understand that concept first. Before tackling this topic ma...
Ethanol is the alcohol in alcoholic drinks
4.29. Handle with care The alcohols are another homologous series like the alkanes and the alkenes. Alcohols contain a functional grou...
Gases can be compressed
Physically gases have a number of similarities. For example - all gases will: fill the container in which they are placed and adopt its sha...
Thermoplastic Polymers ( plastics) are used to make a huge range of everyday objects
Many organic molecules can be made to join up with one another to form very long molecules which can be thousands of atoms long. This makes ...
If a nucleus was the size of a raisin, the rest of the atom would be the size of a sports stadium
masses and charges of subatomic particles
1.15 Sub atomic particles Students should: 1.15 know the structure of an atom in terms of the positions, relative masses and relativecharg...
When non-metal atoms bond to other non-metal atoms they share electrons to form covalent bonds. 1.46 Activity 2. Crossing and do...